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Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports August, 1996; Volume 6, Issue 4, pp 193-200; doi: doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00090.x; C Swenson, L Sward, J Karlsson; Department of Orthopaedics, Ostra University Hospital, Gotenburg, Sweden Abstract Content:  The use of cryotherapy, i.e. the application of cold for the treatment of injury or disease, is widespread in sports medicine today. It is an established method when treating acute soft tissue injuries, but there is a discrepancy between the scientific basis for cryotherapy and clinical studies. Various methods such as ice packs, ice towels, ice massage, gel packs, refrigerant gases and inflatable splints can be used....

American Journal of Sports Medicine, May 1989, Volume 17, Issue 3, pp. 344-349; doi.org/10.1177/036354658901700306; B.T. Cohn, MD, R.I. Draeger, DP, D.W. Jackson, MD Abstract Content:  This prospective study assessed 54 consecutive arthroscopically assisted ACL reconstructions for the amount of postoperative pain relief provided by cold therapy, using the Hot/Ice Thermal Blanket. Twenty- six randomly selected patients undergoing this procedure were compared to a control group consisting of 28 patients having the identical procedure in which the Hot/Ice unit was not used postoperatively. The initial ACL injury in both groups was sports related with the exception of three patients whose injury occurred while on the job....

Arthroscopy, October 1994; Volume 10, Issue 5, pp. 530-533; doi.org/10.1016/S0749-8063(05)80008-8; Dale M. Daniel, M.D.;  Mary Lou Stone, R.P.T.;  Diana L. Arendt, R.N., M.S.N. Abstract Content:  This prospective study assessed the effect of cold therapy on pain, pain medication use, limb swelling, and knee range of motion in 131 patients who had an arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Patients were randomized into five treatment groups. Cooling pads were incorporated into the dressing in 89 patients, and no cooling pads were used in 42 patients. There were four cooling-pad temperature groups: 40°F, 45°F, 55°F, and 70°F. The cooling pads lowered the skin...

The American Journal of Sports Medicine, May-June 1999; Volume 27(3): pp. 357-362; doi: 10.1177/03635465990270031601; Yasumitsu Ohkoshi, MD, PhD; Megumi Ohkoshi, MS; Shinya Nagasaki, MD; Aki Ono, MD; Tomoyuki Hashimoto, MD and Shigeru Yamane, MD, PhD Abstract Content: The objective of this study was to elucidate how cryotherapy after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction affects intraarticular temperature and clinical results. A prospective and randomized study was performed on 21 knees of 21 patients. The ligament reconstruction was performed by single-incision arthroscopy using autogenous hamstring tendon. On completion of the surgery, thermosensors were implanted in the suprapatellar pouch and the intracondylar notch, and the intraarticular temperature was monitored...